Smoking, Alcohol and Obesity in New Zealand

Smoking, Alcohol and Obesity in New Zealand Introduction This research project is going to deal with three kinds of Maori trends, which have been issued from 1919 to the present and this research is going to identify and demonstrate about Smoking, Alcohol and Obesity. Those trends based on Northland, New Zealand. Additionally, each trend is identified by each difference question. Below question of bullet points demonstrate what this research project is going to do. Smoking: Why do Maori women smoke during pregnant? Alcohol: Why do young Maori people drink alcohol? Obesity: Why do Maori people have obesity? Those above questions are going to be shown by ethical and cultural considerations as following methodologies, which are literature review and statistical data and graph. Moreover, those trends are approached to Maori Hauora form, which is Te Whare Tapa Wha and the form consider Taha Tinana (Physical health), Taha wairua (spiritual health), Taha wanau (family health), Taha hinengaro (mental health). For three Maori health trends, this research is going to involve health services which are accessibility and Affordability. Accessibility is that many Maori have issues on transport such as own car and transportation. Affordability is significant barrier for Maori to access general practitioner due to too high cost. Methodology -Literature Review Literature review has plenty of sources for this research project. The example of resources is book, Internet, journals, government publications, dissertations, theses, electronic databases and reference materials. Those resources are helpful to understand and identify 3 Maori trends that I choose in existing knowledge. By using those resources even literature review makes the research project to avoid reinventing the wheel by undertaking research for which the conclusions are already known. -Statistical data and Graph Statistical data and graph provide factual data which is based on true events that is occurred in the past, thereby we can identify Maori trends. Additionally, those methodologies make this research easy to gather information and analysing trends. à ¢- Literature Review Smoking: Question1. Why do Maori women smoke during pregnant? As national hospital data from 1999-2003, 39 percent of Maori women over 15 years old smoked during pregnant. On the other hands, 12.5 percent of non-Maori women over 15 years old smoked during pregnant. Even though Maori women had higher percent of smoking rate during pregnant, they tried to cut smoking for being safe of their baby. Below table is shown how many Maori women were quit smoking for pregnant. Table 1. Smoking rate broken into age of Maori women Below bullets are shown why they keep smoking during pregnancy. Nicotine is addictive; Study participants smoked on average 9 cigarette per day even 52 percent participants smoked within 30 minutes of waking. The women are healthy; The Maori women have not had experience health problems regarding with smoking. So, their motivation to quit is for baby. Poor knowledge of increased risk; Maori pregnant women have poor knowledge of increased risk. So, they do not know what kind of effect baby is affected by smoking. For helping explanation, below table is shown. Table2. Belief statement about smoking during pregnancy There are not may support agencies to help Maori pregnant women. 82% of women recall being advised to stop smoking but few health professionals provided cessation assistance or referral. The delivered information was mixed; some women also felt supported to just cut down and were told not to quit as withdrawals could stress the baby. The most significant reason why women keep smoking during pregnant is because most women tried to quit with 2 weeks of finding out they were pregnant but only 2 pregnancies were planned for pregnant and on average women did not know they were pregnant until 7-8weeks even they do not make a book with Midwife until 11-13 weeks. They are surrounded by smokers; 62% of Maori population smoked. 67% of partners smoked. So, pregnant women can access easily in smoking area. Below table is shown environment. Table3. Environment – a) Social and b) Work Alcohol: Question2. Why do young Maori drink alcohol? Alcohol is widely used by youth of Maori. There were 1702 Maori students in the Youth’07 sample accounting for 18.7% of the total secondary school sample. 43.5% of all Maori students perceived that it was okay for people their age to drink alcohol regularly. Maori students think drinking alcohol was okay because 78% of their friends regularly drank alcohol. Additionally, 66% of students’ parents drank alcohol regularly at home. So, Maori students thought it was okay for them and below figure 1 is shown where Maori students get their alcohol from. Figure1. Percentage of source The most common problems associated with drinking alcohol were doing things that could have got them into serious trouble that is reported by 28% of current drinkers and getting injured after drinking alcohol (27%). 34% of all Maori students reported that within the previous month they had been a passenger in a car with a driver who had been drinking alcohol. Of those Maori students who had driven on a public road, 15% reported that they had driven a car after consuming alcohol. Additionally, drinking alcohol has affected in diverse way following bullet point will show. Increased risks of motor vehicle collisions, injuries and deaths Increased risks of crime Increased risks of sexual risk taking Mental health problems and suicidal behaviours Below figure 2 is shown that problems associated with alcohol use among current drinkers. Figure2. Problems associated with alcohol use among current drinkers Three of problem associated with alcohol use are noticeable which are had unsafe sex, done things that could have got you into serious trouble and been injured after you had been drinking alcohol. Diabetes Question3. Why is Maori higher rate of diabetes? There is variety reasons that make diabetes occurred and obesity is the most affected occurring obesity among diverse reasons. Below figure and table are going to show how many Maori population is obesity as dividing ethnic group. Figure3. Proportion of the population aged 15+ who are obese, by sex ethnic group Table4. Obesity prevalence rate, Maori, Non-Maori, 1998/1990, 1997 There are many Maori suffering diabetes and the population having diabetes in Maori are much higher than non-Maori. The population is nearly three times more common in Maori. Additionally, Maori being diagnosed have type 2 diabetes which are expected to significantly increase over the next 20 years with the biggest impact being on Maori, Pacific people and those living in deprived neighbourhoods. The main reason that many Maori are having type 2 diabetes is unequal access to and quality of diabetes care. Although there may be many other reasons to explain disparities of death and complications from type 2 diabetes, there is evidence that ethnic in access to and quality of care may play a role. Table5. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, deaths (2000-2004) and hospitalizations (2003-2005) by ethnicity and sex Maori age being diagnosed of type 2 diabetes are 47.8years, six years younger than non-Maori(54.2years) and the self-reported prevalence of diabetes was 3.5 times higher among Maori than among non-Maori and besides the risk for hospitalization because of type 2 diabetes is 4 times higher for Maori than non-Maori as above table4. Diabetes has a tendency to bring other diseases. By doing this, diabetic complications are suffered that is renal failure, lower limb amputation, eyes problems and heart disease. Even those diabetic complications are diagnosed more for Maori than non-Maori. Prevention of diabetes at a community level is predicated upon promotion of healthy diet, exercise and thus, weight control. However, policy and practice strongly believe behaviour change at the individual level is significant. It is unfortunately that this is going to solve diabetic epidemic and structural change at the level of taxation incentive, food regulation and advertising for healthy changes in manufacturing will be needed. Ngati Porou Hauora (NPH) on the East Coast is implementing a programme called Ngati and Healthy. Their purpose is reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting a lifestyle characterised by healthy eating and regular exercise and also increase awareness of diabetes and pre-diabetic conditions both amongst those at high risk of developing diabetes. Analysis By using those above literature review, this research was demonstrated three Hauora trends which are smoking, alcohol and diabetes based on question. In addition, the information of data in literature review is going to be analysed with bullet points. Smoking: why do Maori women smoke during pregnant? High percentage of Maori women smoke during pregnant Having poor knowledge of increased risks for baby. Pregnant women have know well 3 problems that is out of ten problems, which are low birth baby, breathing problems and sickness in infant and sudden infant death syndrome. Not enough support agencies to help Maori pregnant women Difficult environment to cease smoking at home and working place. There are many people smoke surroundings pregnant women. Being ware of pregnant late cause unplanned pregnant. Pregnant women recognise after 2 weeks. The delivered information was mixed Alcohol: why do young Maori drink alcohol? Having easy environment to drink alcohol by family and friends Not being ware of drink alcohol Nearly half percentage of Maori students perceived that alcohol use is okay 78% of Maori students friends regularly drink alcohol 66% of parents of Maori student regularly drink alcohol Most Maori students take alcohol by friends and parents. 28% of current drinker get into them serious trouble 27% of current drinker are getting injured after drinking 34% of all Maori students reported that within the previous month they had been a passenger in a car with a driver who had been drinking alcohol Drinking alcohol has affected in mental health problems and suicidal behaviours Diabetes: why is Maori higher rate of diabetes? Common disease in Maori population Three times higher than non- Maori population for Maori Type 2 diabetes expected to significantly increase over next 20 years Having unequal access to Maori for quality of diabetes care Diabetic complications are diagnosed more for Maori which are renal failure, lower limb amputation, eyes problems and heart disease. Significant treatment is weigh control NPH (Ngati Porou Hauora) is implement for promoting promoting a lifestyle characterised Conclusion This research dealt three Hauora trends from 1919 to this present day regarding each questions. In the smoking part, many pregnant Maori women smoke during pregnancy. So, they need to support to cease smoking by education. As the research dealt, many pregnant Maori women have poor knowledge what side effect coming when they smoke during pregnant. This is most significant issues and other important issue is unplanned pregnancy. Therefore, they smoke until they recognise they are pregnant. To prevent this kind of happening, health provider have to deliver information to Maori female even male also to make them aware of side effect of smoking surrounding pregnant women. In the Alcohol part, Most Maori students are exposure to easily get alcohol and most significant problems is Maori students is not aware of seriousness of drinking alcohol because of their surroundings. Alcohol use make problems in variety situation and it make Maori students injured even seriously. So, to prevent this k ind of situation, they need to be provided education. In diabetes part, type 2 diabetes is common disease among Maori even that disease is occurred three times higher than non-Maori. The reason that diabetes is occurred is closely relative with lifestyle and the rate of obesity is higher than non-Maori. So, Maori need to improve their life style by exercise, control weight and manage diet. References Health Quality Safety Commission New Zealand, University of Auckland Lessons from research with Maori Women(2006), Retrieved from http://www.hqsc.govt.nz/assets/CYMRC/Resources/RSP-Maori-Women-Smoking.pdf New Zealand medical Association, The New Zealand Medical Journal, Why Maori women continue to smoke while pregnant, Marewa Glover, Anette Kira(n/d), Retrieved from http://www.whakawhetu.co.nz/sites/default/files/why%20maori%20women%20continue%20to%20smoke.pdf Heath Promotion Agency, Alcohol Use and Maori Young People (2007), Retrieved from http://www.alcohol.org.nz/sites/default/files/researchpublications/pdfs/AlcoholENGLISHFact_Sheett_08LoRes.pdf The New Zealand Medical Journal, Binge drinking among Maori secondary school students in New Zealand: association with source, exposure and perception of alcohol use (2013), Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/read-the-journal/all-issues/2010-2019/2013/vol-126-no-1370/article-clark University OTAGO. (n,d) Hauora: Maori Standards of Health IV. Retrieved from: http://www.otago.ac.nz/wellington/otago067748.pdf

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun - Dignity and the American Dr

Dignity and the American Dream in A Raisin in the Sun   Ã‚  Ã‚   The American Dream, although different for each of us, is what we all aspire to achieve. In Lorraine Hansberry's, play, A Raisin in the Sun, each member of the Younger family desperately hopes for their own opportunity to achieve the American Dream. The American Dream to the Younger family is to own a home, but beyond that, to Walter Younger, it is to be accepted by white society.    In the book entitled " Advertising the American Dream", Roland Marchand refers to the American Dream as the belief that "if you work hard and play by the rules, then you will achieve your goals" (Marchand 1). In the play, Walter Lee Younger does not do either one of these things. Walter doesn't show up for work regularly and he certainly has no intentions of playing by the rules to get a business licenses.    Walter Lee is a man stuck in a dead end job that he sees as demeaning and he becomes desperate to free himself from the bonds of poverty, oppression and racial discrimination. Walter Lee feels that with money he can change the hegemony's view of him as a poor, stupid, black servant. The hegemony's social construction of reality about blacks as being lesser and the hegemony's ethnocentric perception of being superior, is corroborated in an article titled "The Colour Bar of Beauty" from The Peak. Cristina Rodrigues, a member of the black cultural and social activist group Olodum, says " In Brazil, nobody wants to be black because the mass media equates black with poor and stupid" (Aujla 2).    Walter has a loving relationship with his family members, but he also has a relationship that frustrates him. Walter's family frustrations are brought on by society's lack o... ...y." The Peak. 4 May 1998: 1-5. Available: http://www.peak.sfu.ca/the-peak/98-2/issue1/colourbar.html Hansberry, Lorraine.   A Raisin in the Sun.   New York:   Signet, 1988. Johnson, Lyndon B. "The American Promise." Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Lyndon Johnson, vol. 1 (1965), 281. 1-9. Available: http://www.civnet.org/resoures/teach/basic/par6/40.htm Marchand, Roland. Advertising the American Dream. Los Angeles, CA. University of California Press, 1985 Margolin, Michael. "Reasons in the Sun." Metro Times. 25 March 1998: 1-3. Available: http://www.metrotimes.com/arts/stories/18/26/RasnInSn.html U.S. Census Bureau. United States Government Bureau of Statistics. Available: http://www.census.gov/prod/3/98pub/p20-509u.pd U.S. Federal Law. Cornell Law Resources. Available: http://law.cornell.edu/supct/html/97-156.ZS.html

William Shakespeares Othello Essay -- William Shakespeare Othello Ess

William Shakespeare's Othello A significant moment in Othello demonstrates the theme of binaries questioned in many of Shakespeare's works. Addressing the Duke and senators, Othello says: "Let her have your voice. Vouch with me heaven, I therefore beg it not To please the palate of my appetite, Nor to comply with heat--the young affects In me defunct--and proper satisfaction, But to be free and bounteous to her mind; And heaven defend your good souls that you think I will your serious and great business scant When she is with me. No, when light-winged toys Of feathered Cupid seel with wanton dullness My speculative and officed instruments That my disports corrupt and taint my business, Let housewives make a skillet of my helm, And all indign and base adversitities Make head against my estimation." This speech occurs in Othello 1.3.259-273. Desdemona has just requested to accompany her husband to Cyprus and Othello seconds her request. He swears not to be distracted from his military duties if Desdemona comes along. To convince his listeners, he claims he cannot be distracted by sex because he lacks the desire for it. As he puts it, â€Å"the young affects [are] in me defunct† (262-263). Further stressing his commitment to the military, he boldly declares that if he indeed neglects his duties for the state, â€Å"let housewives make a skillet of my helm, and all indign and base adversities make head against my estimation† (271-273). In other words, if his sexual pleasure (â€Å"disports†) gets in the way of his work (â€Å"business†), he does not deserve to be called a man and should be emasculated by allowing housewives to cook with his helmet. Furthermore, his enemies good reputation should be razed. Line 271 (â€Å"Let house... ...od a place as any to start. Works Cited â€Å"Appetite.† Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1987. Greenblatt, Stephen. Introduction. The Norton Shakespeare. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997. â€Å"Helm.† Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1987. McDonald, Russ. The Bedford Companion to Shakespare. 2nd ed. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001. â€Å"Palate.† Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1987. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"The Tragedy of Coriolanus.† The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997. 2793-2872. ---. â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice.† The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997. 2100-2174. ---. â€Å"Troilus and Cressida. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997. 1835-1913. â€Å"Skillet.† Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1987.

Great Expectations Essay

â€Å"Even though Pip has become snobbish by the end of Book One, Dickens still manages to make the reader like him†. Show how and why Pip has become something of a snob and what makes us retain our sympathy for him – Tom Beach In Great Expectations Dickens depicts Pip as having an increasingly snobbish character throughout Book One. He shows Pip to have an exaggerated respect for his social position and his growing hatred for the common life that he lives. The reader sees that Pip’s snobbishness is due to his desire to become a gentleman and his aspiration to be liked by Estella, from whom he adopts some of his snobbish attitudes. Even though it is clear to the reader that Pip has become somewhat of a snob, Dickens encourages the reader to still like Pip. He puts across that Pip is an orphan and that these snobbish feelings we see are just outward feelings. We learn that he was not proud of the snobbish character that he had become from the way he looks back on his life as an adult. These events make the reader feel sympathy for Pip, leading the reader to retain their criticism of him. In Book One of Great Expectations we see Dickens show Pip’s progressively snobbish character in many ways. After Pip’s first visit to Satis house and after falling for Estella we see Pips ambition to become a gentleman. We see that Pip blames Joe for being common, and for Joe not bringing him up as Pip thinks he should: â€Å"I wish Joe had been rather more genteelly brought up, and then I should have been so too. † We see Pip’s snobbish character developing as he blames Joe for being common; he is ‘ashamed of the dear good fellow’ and disappointed in him for being so ‘ignorant and common’. Pip is patronising towards Joe for something Joe has no control over. Pip feels he is able to comment on Joe’s social status because he does not belong to ‘[his]’ higher society and would be an embarrassment in front of Estella. This sudden change of attitude in Pip that wants to dismiss his family comes as a great shock to the reader. We see this to be a case of him being a snob. In Book One, one of the main points of Pips character that shows Pip to be something of a snob is his patronising attitude towards Mrs Joe. When Pip is going to see Miss Havisham with Joe and accompanied with Mrs Joe Pip feels embarrassed because they are trying to dress up to much: â€Å"I am not quite clear whether these articles were carried penitentially or ostentatiously. † Pip feels that his sister, Mrs Joe is very much overdressed, trying to look more ladylike that she really is. He is very patronising to her, as seen in the above quotation for simply being overdressed. Pip feels he is above her. Pip shows his growing snobbishness due to the fact that he is so willingly able to dismiss who he is and what he should become: I had believed in the forge as the glowing road to manhood and independence. Within a single year, all this was changed. Now, it was all coarse and common. We see Pip has lost faith in his normal life in the forge, dismissing the fact that that a life in the forge is what he is meant for. Pip will never like Joes’ trade and is sad when he is made apprentice to him: â€Å"And what could I possibly do then, but say I was enjoying myself – when I wasn’t. † Pip feels that the apprenticeship will tie him away from his ambition. He feels the forge is so ‘coarse and common’ that it will prevent him from becoming a gentleman. Pip feels that he is too good for the community that he lives in; he wants to get away from it: â€Å"It would be very disagreeable to be stared at by all the people here. † We see Pip deciding not to go into town in his new suit. He again feels that he is above all the people in the village, that ‘they would make such a business of it – such a coarse and common business’ that ‘[he] couldn’t bear [himself]’. This fact that he looks down on everybody in the village depicts him as a vain snob; he is not going to be a ‘rustic’ man anymore. In the closing stages of Book One we see Pip being very snobbish and capricious towards Biddy, a girl who looks after the house and has fallen in love with Pip: ‘Biddy’ I returned with some resentment, ‘you are so exceedingly quick that it’s difficult to keep up with you. ‘

Management of Hazardous Wastes

Everday we hear more bad news about our planet. Reports tell us that wildlife and forests are disappearing at an alarming rate. Newscasts give the latest word on how quickly earth is losing its protective shirld and warming up. Newspapers lament the pollution of our air, water, and soil. What can we do in the face of such widespread gloom? In fact, we do not have to feel helpless. We can each learn practical ways to better our environment. For example, saving and recycling newspapers has a number of positive results. First, recycling newspaper saves trees. The average American consumes about 120 pounds of newsprint a year-enough to use up one tree. That means close to 250 million trees each year are destroyed for paper in this country alone. If we recycled only one-tenth of our newpaper, we would save 25 million trees a year. Second, making new paper from old paper uses up much less energy than making paper from trees. Finally, this process also reduces the air pollution of paper-making by 95 percent. Another earth saving habit is â€Å"precycling† waste. This means buying food and other products packaged only in materials that will decay naturally or that can be recycled. The idea is to prevent unrecyclable materials from even entering the home. For instance, 60 of the 190 pounds of plastic-especially styrofoam-each American uses a year are thrown out as soon as packages are opened. Be kind to your planet by buying eggs, fast food, and other products in cardboard instead of styrofoam cartons. Buy beverages in glass or aluminum containers instead of plastic ones. Buy in bulk to reduce the amount of packaging, you will save money too. Finally, when you can, buy products whose packing shows the â€Å"recycled† logo. Materials that have been recycled once can be recycled again. Wise management of hazardous household wastes is yet another way of taking action for the planet. Hazardous wastes include paint, old car batteries, oven and drain cleaners, mothballs, floor and furniture polish, pesticides, and even toilet bowl cleaners. First of all, we should store hazardous materials properly by keeping them in their original containers, making sure they are clearly labeled, and keeping them in a cool, dry place that is out of the reach of children. Second, we can reduce our use of these products by buying only what we need and by sharing anything that might be left over. Third, we should take great care in disposing of hazardous wastes. Certain wastes such as old car batteries and motor oil can be refined and reused, and in some cities can be turned in for special burning. However, local authorities have to be contacted because disposal practices vary so much from place to place. These personal actions may not seem important. At the very least, though, they can relieve some of the helplessness we all feel when faced with the threats of global disaster. If carried out on a larger scale by millions of individuals, they could greatly improve our environment and lives.

Zero Tolerance Policy

The zero tolerance policy strives to reduce violence in schools and make schools a safer place for students. Anne Atkinson, a member of the Virginia Board of Education defines zero tolerance as a â€Å"policy that mandates predetermined consequences or punishments for specified offenses. † The policy first became effective in 1989, but grew most rapidly in 1994 when the Gun- Free Schools Act was passed (1). There are many controversies about the zero tolerance policy including whether or not the policy is effective in reducing violence in schools, whether or not schools are trying to handle disciplinary actions in a fair manner, and whether or not all students are treated equally when punishments are determined. While many supporters, such as school administration, believe that the zero tolerance policy is necessary in schools, those who oppose the policy, such as parents, believe that the policy is unfair and ineffective in schools. Those who support the zero tolerance policy believe that the policy is effective in reducing violence in school. Atkinson argues that â€Å"strict policies are needed to send a clear message and are designed to protect students† (2). Agreeing with Atkinson, Richard Curwin and Allen Mendler, scholars on the zero tolerance policy, believe that by using the zero tolerance policies, it is evident to students that aggressive behavior is unacceptable. By allowing the students to realize that misbehavior will not be tolerated, students become more likely to obey the rules and cooperate with schools (1). According to the National Center for Children Exposed to Violence (NCCEV), 17. 1% of students carried weapons at school and 71% of elementary and secondary schools have experienced at least one violent crime by a student. A nationwide survey suggested that 15% of students have been involved in a physical fight on school grounds. By using the zero tolerance policy, those students who are violent in school are expelled or suspended, resulting in schools becoming a safer environment for students and teachers (3). Although defenders of the zero tolerance policy agree that they policies are effective, those who oppose the policy do not believe that the policies are effective in reducing school violence. People who are against the zero tolerance policy agree that the policy is ineffective in reducing school violence. Members of the American Psychological Association (APA), the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States, agree that schools are no safer and more effective in teaching discipline that before the zero tolerance policy in the 1980s. They also agree that school violence is not out of control, so zero tolerance policies are not necessary (1). Russell Skiba, chairman of the Indiana Education Policy Center and Reece Peterson, a scholar on the zero tolerance policy, conducted statistics that show â€Å"violent crimes occurred at an annual rate of fifty-three per one hundred thousand students. Because evidence shows that violence rates are not out of control, critics argue that there are many other alternatives that can be used to promote a safer environment for students and teachers (2). According to the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP), some alternatives that reduce violence in schools include a prevention curriculum, help from school workers, counselors, and psychologists, and parental/family involvement (3). Whether the policy is effective or ineffective is only one aspect of the controversy; there are many other controversies that occur within the policy. Whether schools are handling disciplinary action in a fair manner is a main controversy when discussing the zero tolerance policy. Russell Skiba believes that the way in which schools punish students is fair. He thinks that rash punishments improve overall student behavior and discipline. Skiba acknowledges the fact that harsh disciplinary actions are determined by the degree of the student’s violent actions (29). While some people agree that schools are just when using the zero tolerance policy, others disagree and believe that schools are extremely unfair. Those who oppose the zero tolerance policy believe that the way in which schools use the zero tolerance policy to punish students is very rash and unfair. Those against the zero tolerance policy, such as Skiba, believe that rash suspensions and expulsions, rather than improving student behavior, forces students to misbehave more frequently. He also believes that rash suspensions and expulsions lead to an increased number of school dropouts and failure to graduate on time (28). A personal example of zero tolerance proves schools to be rash and unfair when punishing students. My ten-year-old cousin went to a public school where he was a part of the minority group. He found a pocketknife at home and thought it was the coolest thing he had ever seen. Being an immature, unknowing child, my cousin brought the pocketknife to school to show his friends, not intending on using it in any dangerous way possible. As he took the knife out of his pocket to show is closest friends, a teacher spotted him and immediately jerked him away from his friends and into the principal’s office. The principal, being the one to decide punishment, automatically expelled my ten-year-old cousin for bringing a pocketknife to school, even though he did not harming anyone or anything with the knife. Because my cousin was expelled from school, he is no longer in school this year and now has to repeat the grade. This is a perfect example of how the zero tolerance policy leads to school dropout and failure to graduate on time. Not only is the process of punishment a controversy, but whether or not racism is used to punish is also an issue concerning the zero tolerance policy. An important controversy when debating on the zero tolerance policy is whether or not racism is involved when schools are punishing students. Russell Skiba and Allen Mendler argue that schools are completely just and equal when determining punishments for violence in schools. They agree that no matter race, ethnicity, language, or abilities, if you portray a violent action, rash punishments will result (1). Although supporters agree that the policy treats all people equal, those who oppose the policy agree that racism occurs when punishing students using the zero tolerance policy. According to those that oppose the policy, zero tolerance is an unjust policy that does not treat all students equally. The American Psychological Association (APA) agrees that the disproportionate discipline of students of color is and continues to be a concern when discussing the zero tolerance policy. They believe that most expulsions and suspensions are punishments that result from African Americans or Latinos that are violent in schools. Another target group of schools that use the zero tolerance policy are those people with disabilities, especially with emotional and behavioral disorders (2). There are many important controversies dealing with the zero tolerance policy, and many people either support the controversy or are opposed to the controversy. Zero tolerance attempts to prevent violence in schools and create a safer environment for the school community. It is viewed as a policy that that tries to teach students wrong from right, and gives students a sense of discipline. Although some believe that the policy has good intentions, there are many controversies that aroused, causing many debates that challenge the effectiveness of the policy. While many people who believe that the policy creates a safer environment for students and teachers support the zero tolerance policy, there are many who oppose the zero tolerance policy, arguing that it is unfair and ineffective in reducing violence in schools.

Internship review paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Internship review paper - Essay Example The report discusses about the learning gained by the internee during the internship tenure. The company that has been interned at is Captain Bruce’s Private Kaneohe Bay Sandbar Charter. The company profile has been discusses along with the mission, vision, and goals of the company. As it is a service providing company, it is very important to ensure that customers remain satisfied. The most important thing learned during the internship tenure were the ways of following up with customers, communicating with them in an effective manner, and ensuring that all their queries and doubts are answered in a satisfactory manner. The report reflects upon the experiences the internee had with the customers. It was learnt that all customers have varying natures and their perceptions about things may vary from customer to customer. The internee developed many new skills and polished the ones that needed improvement with the help of this internship in the travel industry. The name of the organization is Captain Bruce’s Private Kaneohe Bay Sandbar Charter. The location of the organization is Kaneohe in Hawaii. The organization is a sole ownership company. The company states its slogan in such a way that customers become attracted towards the company. It says to cruise the sandbar of Kaneohe Bay so that Hawaii can be enjoyed to the maximum level by enjoying the sun and the sea both. The mission of Captain Bruce Company is to ensure that customers smile under all circumstances when they take up the boating services of Captain Bruce. Captain Bruce is a boat tour company operating privately. It provides customers with the services of boat tours and allows them to enjoy the breathtaking waters of Oahu’s Kaneohe Bay and also enjoy the sand bar. The company philosophy is has an open door policy for all its employees. It gives the employees the freedom